{"id":49,"date":"2020-12-15T19:19:40","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T19:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/?page_id=49"},"modified":"2021-07-26T16:31:15","modified_gmt":"2021-07-26T16:31:15","slug":"the-1893-columbian-exposition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/the-1893-columbian-exposition\/","title":{"rendered":"The 1893 Columbian Exposition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-background-dim-40 has-background-dim is-position-center-center\" style=\"min-height:375px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1476\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-80\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cropped-1893-worlds-fair-001.jpg\" style=\"object-position:40% 36%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"40% 36%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cropped-1893-worlds-fair-001.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cropped-1893-worlds-fair-001-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cropped-1893-worlds-fair-001-1024x756.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cropped-1893-worlds-fair-001-768x567.jpg 768w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cropped-1893-worlds-fair-001-1536x1134.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#fffffa;font-size:74px;line-height:1.1\"><strong>Nursing in the White City<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:75px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The Illinois Training School for Nurses directly participated in the World\u2019s Columbian Exposition in 1893. In March of 1891, the Board for the ITSN opted to apply for space to exhibit the work of the school. The goal was to create an emergency hospital within the fairgrounds both demonstrating the capabilities of students and providing relief to attendees needing medical attention. Although initially they planned to be part of the Woman\u2019s Building, due to size constraints, the Illinois Woman\u2019s Exposition Board chose to give the ITSN exhibit their own structure. Below is a letter from Bertha herself to confirm the request for securing space at the fair for the ITSN.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-bottom\" style=\"grid-template-columns:65% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Bertha-Palmer-199x300.png\" alt=\"Photograph of Bertha Honor\u00e9  Palmer, President of the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition, circa 1891\" class=\"wp-image-72 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Bertha-Palmer-199x300.png 199w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Bertha-Palmer-680x1024.png 680w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Bertha-Palmer-768x1157.png 768w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Bertha-Palmer-1019x1536.png 1019w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Bertha-Palmer-1359x2048.png 1359w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Bertha Honor\u00e9&nbsp; Palmer, President of the Board of Lady Managers of the World&#8217;s Columbian Exposition, circa 1891<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">The letter that started it all:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"405\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Letter Transcript:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pg. 1: Mrs. C.B. Lawrence, Dear Madam. Your communication of March seventh is received and the request for the &#8220;Illinois Training School for Nurses&#8221; for space in the Woman&#8217;s building will be placed on file until the committees meet which will probably be in a few weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pg. 2: It will give me great pleasure to recommend this application to the committee for early and favorable consideration, and you will be notified when action is taken in the matter. Yours most truly,  Bertha H. Palmer Tuesday March 10th, 1891.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:48px\">A Spotlight on Female Physicians and Nurses<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-344\" width=\"1112\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-scaled.jpg 2199w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-879x1024.jpg 879w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-768x894.jpg 768w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-1319x1536.jpg 1319w, https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/img20210628_16303872-1759x2048.jpg 1759w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" \/><figcaption>Letter from the Women&#8217;s Board requesting female physicians and surgeons for the Emergency Ward<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Organizing the Emergency Ward was a cooperative effort. The Department of Electricity of the Fair provided electricity for free. Furniture was largely donated by local vendors. Training schools from across Illinois donated dolls dressed in the uniform of their respective schools. The entire building featured state of the art materials, ranging from new dishes and cookware in the Diet Kitchen to modern appliances in the Operating Room. Some 2300 patients obtained aid from the nurses over the course of that summer. As a gesture of thanks for services rendered, the President of the Illinois Woman\u2019s Exposition Board, Marcia Louise Gould, donated the bulk of the furnishings to the ITSN at the close of the Exposition. This space also allowed female physicians to showcase their expertise and skillset to the visitors of the fair by offering primary care to those who needed it at the fair, a role usually reserved for men. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The letter is signed by three female physicians:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, who graduated from Illinois State University, eventually completing her medical training at the Women&#8217;s Medical College in 1874. (The college was taken over by Northwestern University and renamed the Northwestern University Woman&#8217;s Medical School in 1892 until its disbanding a decade later). Stevenson was the first female member of the American Medical Association and the first female on staff at the Cook County Hospital.&nbsp;<span id='easy-footnote-1-49' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/the-1893-columbian-exposition\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-49' title='&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/hidden-no-more\/faculty-profiles\/sarah-hackett-stevenson.html&quot;&gt;Footnote content.&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Julia Holmes Smith was prominent suffragist and physician. She attended both the Boston University School of Medicine, and the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College. Smith was renowned for her work as a general practitioner and as gynecologist. She had a practice in Chicago. Smith holds the distinction of being the first female trustee appointed to the University of Illinois.<span id='easy-footnote-2-49' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/the-1893-columbian-exposition\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-49' title='&lt;a rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/documents.alexanderstreet.com\/d\/1009639935&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https:\/\/documents.alexanderstreet.com\/d\/1009639935&lt;\/a&gt;'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, Dr. Marie E Reasner was a prominent eclectic physician. More research needs to be conducted into Dr. Reasner, but an obituary in a Michigan Newspaper mentions she hailed from New York and she operated a practice in Chicago for two decades. Reasner was a gifted orator, and she used her gift to to advocate for eclectic medicine practice, and the inclusion of women in the broader medical field. <span id='easy-footnote-3-49' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/the-1893-columbian-exposition\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-49' title='https:\/\/aadl.org\/node\/142046'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:48px\">Read More About The Emergency Ward Below<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"355\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || 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The goal was to create an emergency hospital within the fairgrounds both demonstrating the capabilities of students and providing <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/the-1893-columbian-exposition\/\">READ MORE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":410,"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itsnhistoryproject.digital.uic.edu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}